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Not sure of your question regarding volume, but the best way that I try to explain volume - is that it is the ultimate 'strength' indicator. In other words, a lot of volume can generally mean that the direction the market is trending has strength behind the move. Conversely, let's say the market is starting to move in a certain direction? But the volume is falling. That would show you that the move doesn't have a lot of strength behind it.
There's an old saying: "The trend is your friend, trade with the trend. But volume is your best buddy".
Regarding the number of shares out there? Yes, at any given time, it's limited, and this relates to a concept called the "market cap". However, a company can decide to issue new shares of the company to the market, raising more capital - however this also generally hurts (for the short term) the price of the stock.
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